Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion

Measures of Central Tendency

1. Representative Value
   A value that represents the overall central tendency or characteristic of the data.
2. Median
   The middle value when data is arranged in increasing order.
   • If the number of data points is odd, the median is the single middle value.
   • If the number of data points is even, the median is the average of the two middle values.
3. Mode
   • The value(s) that appear most frequently in the data.
   • Unlike the mean or median, which are always single values, the mode can be more than one value depending on the data.
     
     

Dispersion

1. Dispersion
   A measure of how spread out the data is, represented by a single value.
2. Deviation
   • Deviation (Value of the data point) (Mean)
     The deviation of a data point is the difference between the value and the mean of the data set.
   • The sum of deviations for a data set is always .
3. Variance and Standard Deviation
   • Variance: The average of the squared deviations from the mean.
   • Standard Deviation: The non-negative square root of the variance.
   • A larger variance or standard deviation indicates that the data points are more spread out from the mean, while a smaller variance or standard deviation suggests that the data points are more closely clustered around the mean.